Sexuality Paper - 4057 Words

Sexuality Project Taylor Tarpey Sociology 345 30 July 2012 In today’s society, we as men and women are burdened with a double standard of how one’s sex life is supposed to go. We hear from our friends and family, from churches and neighbors, that sex is something you do with the person you love and trust, someone who you are going to share the rest of your life with. Sex comes with marriage, and with marriage comes a promise that you will remain with this one person â€Å"’til death do us part.† But this is no longer the case, as people all over the world are having sex way before marriage. We develop attractions to the people we see in school or in the workplace, and we date each other, and in other cases, we â€Å"hook up.† This is†¦show more content†¦You do not have to answer anything you do not feel comfortable answering. Your input is greatly appreciated! Sexuality Survey Created by Taylor Tarpey This is a survey to develop an idea of the sexual connotations between men and women and the number of sex partners they have had as well as how both sexes feel about it in today’s society. The survey asks a total of 8 questions and each question should be answered as honestly as possible. This survey is completely anonymous and voluntary. You do not have to answer any questions you do not feel comfortable answering. Your input is greatly appreciated in the class of Sociology 345: Sociology of Sexuality. Please Circle: I am a: Male Female My age is: d Please write a short response based on your personal feelings, experiences, and opinions. You do not have to answer anything you do not feel comfortable answering. Your input is greatly appreciated! 1. Have you ever altered the number of sex partners you have had to avoid being judged? Why or why not? 2. How does it make you feel to hear that men in society today are perceived as â€Å"better† or â€Å"manly† or â€Å"pimps† if they have a high number of sex partners, and that women are perceived as â€Å"sluts† or â€Å"whores† or â€Å"easy† if they have a high number of sex partners? 3. How do you protect yourself from these connotations? 4. In your opinion, what does the number of sex partners a man or a woman has meanShow MoreRelatedScholary vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper1556 Words   |  7 PagesSCHOLARY VS. POPULAR MEDIA FOCUS ON SEXUALITY PAPER By: Akirra It’s a Quick Way to Get What You Want†: A Formative Exportation of HIV Risk Among Urban Massachusetts Men Who Have Sex with Men(MSM) Who Attend Sex Parties was an article retrieved from the AIDS Patient Care and STD Journal it was published in October of 2010. The authors of this article are Matthew J. Mimiaga, Sari L. Reisner, Sean Bland, Kevin Cranston, Deborah Isenberg, Maura A. Driscoll, Rodney VanDerwarker, and Kenneth MayerRead MoreHuman Sexuality Paper1490 Words   |  6 Pagesaccents because they might be possibly exposed to more diverse cultures or live abroad where their mother tongue is a secondary language, Roughgarden compares that with sexuality saying that some people can sway into heterosexuality or homosexuality and can be open when it comes to their orientations. (Roughgarden, 2009, 257) If sexuality is developed at an early stage in a person’s life, then how does homosexuality occur? Homosexuality in Darwin’s selection theory doesn’t even exist. (Roughgarden,Read MoreGender And Sexuality Reflection Paper1898 Words   |  8 Pagesessay that I wrote for this class, I explained that while I have had a few classes on gender and sexuality, this class has really helped me further my understanding of the topics and has opened my eyes to many other topics and ideas that previous classes were not able to cover. This class really helped me understand other cultures views on gender and sexuality and how not all cultures view gender and sexuality as we do. One idea that I was able to really see and understand is what different cultures expectRead MoreHow I Learned From The Class Writings1418 Words   |  6 Pageswhen writing about subjects I enjoy, so when the Justice was brought up as the main topic of the papers that we would be writing over the semeste r I was less then pleased. Now that my misgivings as a writer and my distain for the overall subject matter are out in the open, let’s get back to the subject at hand. What have I learned in EN100 or more specifically, what have I learned from each of the papers I wrote on justice and from the in class writings? I’ll start off with the in class writings. IRead MoreThe Effects of Peer Pressure1692 Words   |  7 PagesConnection Paper Instructions Fall 2010       Overview and General Information You are to read, reference, and summarize four articles, each on the same topic or very closely related topics which we have studied or will study during the term so virtually any topic related to psychology will be acceptable. You will complete and turn in a Connection Paper Form which is a Word ® document and is available in AC Online Lessons Connection Paper Information Connection Paper Form. It must be doneRead MoreWeek 4 Scholarly vs. Popular Media Focus on Sexuality Paper806 Words   |  4 Pagesin human sexuality is covered in two very different sources: 1) a scholarly journal; and 2) a popular media source.For more information to help you understand the difference between those sources, please use this link to the APU library http://apus.libanswers.com/a.php?qid=5312. You will summarize a scholarly article (peer-reviewed, evidence-based, original research) and one popular media article on your topic. Once you see how the topic is covered in each source, you will writ e a paper: 1. Read MoreRelationship Between Sex And Power955 Words   |  4 Pagesof Sexuality, in which he examines the emergence of sexuality as a discursive object and separate sphere of life. According to Foucault, the idea that everyone has a sexuality is relatively a recent development in the West. In Volume 1, Foucault discusses the relationship between sex and power in a historical context. He states that the ways in which humans think about sexuality is primarily shaped by the repressive hypothesis, which claims that Western society had suppressed sexuality fromRead MoreEssay on Womens Sexuality956 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced a multitude of struggles. The issue of sexuality is especially critical to the lives of women. If one’s personality is the set of characteristics about them, including attitude, interests, emotionality and behavioral patterns, than sexuality is a part of that identity. As people we take pride in who we are, and are taught that self-esteem is importa nt to our mental health. In our society however, women are programmed to shame their sexualities, and in turn, themselves. This is a great contradictionRead MoreMy Experience At The First Time Essay1345 Words   |  6 Pagesgraduation, I really wanted to leave my college on a better note and after being offered a seasonal job; I made the decision to work and live on campus again last summer. During that time, I became friends with two guys who have helped me explore my sexuality. They were not part of my plan, but they helped me in my healing process. With one guy, he showed me that it is possible to be with someone who respects my pace and reactions to sex, and more importantly who does not pressure me nor criticize meRead More Comparing Maturation in Sons and Lovers, Out Of The Shelter and The Rachel Papers3561 Words   |  15 PagesComparing Maturation in Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence, Out Of The Shelter by David Lodge and The Rachel Papers  by Martin Amis  Ã‚   Each of these three novels Sons and Lovers by D.H Lawrence, Out Of The Shelter by David Lodge and The Rachel Papers by Martin Amis, examine the transition between childhood and adulthood of the three main characters in each of the texts. Each author represents this transition by showing how all the characters deal with significant stages or events in their lives

Witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for...

Witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeths Responsibility for Macbeth’s Downfall Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth shows the downfall of a wrongfully crowned king. But his downfall is not solely due to himself. There are other characters in the play that are part of his downfall. If it weren’t for them, the play would not work. They are part of a chain, one leading to another. The play would not have ended in the same manner, even if one of these characters hadn’t played their part. They all affect each other and Macbeth’s tragic end is the outcome. The first set of characters that affect Macbeth and begin the chain are the witches. From the very first scene we can see that they want Macbeth’s end to be a†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"3rd Witch: All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter!† This has not happened yet. They leave Macbeth to interpret the greetings himself. They do not address Macbeth again until they hail him before they mysteriously vanish. But the witches know what the outcome of what they said would be because apparently witches were able to predict the future. Witches purportedly, had their powers as a result of selling their souls to the devil. This means that the witches know the outcome and affect Macbeth in the right way to lead him to thinking about murder, kings and power. Their plan works and as seen soon after in a conversation with Banquo, is implying that murder is going through Macbeth’s mind, and we can see this when Macbeth says â€Å" My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical†, Not only do the witches spur on his want to be king but condemn Banquo by telling him, â€Å"Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none†, meaning his heirs will be kings. Later on in the play Macbeth sets his mind back to this moment, when on the throne, which makes him think that Banquo is a threat as his heirs will be Macbeth’s successor. This idea, along with the fact that Banquo knew about the witches and Macbeth’s thoughts on murder, leads to Macbeth wanting Banquo dead. Even though the witches’ greetings affect Macbeth and lead to the murder of Duncan and Banquo, they do not actuallyShow MoreRelatedMacbeth and His Downfall1613 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss Macbeth’s Ruin... People and decisions can greatly affect the outcome of a persons life determining whether the outcome will be successful or disastrous. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, there are two factors that contributed to Macbeths ruin. One of them being more to blame: The influential character of Lady Macbeth displaying temptation towards Macbeth, or Macbeths own ambitious and insecure nature. There are questions whether Macbeths downfall might have displayed more for his own blameRead More MacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall Essay690 Words   |  3 PagesMacBeth is Responsible for His Downfall    There were many wrongs committed in MacBeth. 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On the contrary, Shakespeare used Macbeth as a way to display the idea of Renaissance humanism. Although the witches did in fact possess uncanny powers, they were in reality not controlling Macbeth, but rather they were tempting Macbeth to act in particular ways. The witches, as well as other significant characters, may haveRead MoreFactors Contributing to Macbeths Transformation in Shakespeares Macbeth1912 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth transforms from a gallant war hero to a tyrannical murderer. As soon as Macbeth enters this life filled with tyranny his fate is doomed to a tragic downfall. Throughout the play, Shakespeare makes Macbeth responsible for his actions but Shakespeare also uses other characters as influences upon him which gives the character of Macbeth only partial responsibility for what he has done. 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Exploring the Mind of Man explains how the brain blames any catastrophe in his/her life on an object outside of themselves, when in reality their downfall is their own fault. By researching and learning how the brain works, it becomes very evident that Macbeth doesn’t takeRead More powmac Macbeth’s Obsession with Power Essay991 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeths Obsession with Power      Ã‚  Ill fight till from my bones my flesh be hacked.   (Act 5, Scene 3).   Phrases as forceful as Macbeths quote are not common day language, in fact, it is used except in times of intense emotion.   Although the diction of Macbeths words are from the Elizabethan Age, its message rings true and clear.   Macbeth clearly will oppose anything standing in the way of his passion.   Critics often debate over the what tragic flaw of Macbeth lead to his downfall.   WasRead MoreMacbeth-Nature of Evil1221 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth explores the nature of evil by the gradual change in the environment and the people within the play. Various factors of individuals, society and politics and supernatural themes contribute to the nature of evil. Individuals and Supernatural influences cause Macbeth to become king of Scotland and his reign affects social and political factors. Macbeth was a Scottish general and Thane of Glamis, a loyal, brave man who turned into a murderer and traitor in order to become King of Scotland

Is Within Malaysia Public Universities Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2778 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Abstract This research aimed to investigate the factors in the brand personality of within Malaysia public university, and the relationship between the satisfaction of the existing international students in the universities and the factors in the brand personality of the universities. Employing the Explanatory factor analysis five factors had been found to exist in the brand personality of the universities. The five factors are agreeableness, enterprise, competence, chic and ruthless. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Is Within Malaysia Public Universities Business Essay" essay for you Create order Out of the five factors, agreeableness and ruthless had been found to be positively related to the satisfaction of the students while chic had been found to be negatively related to the satisfaction of the students. Keywords: Brand personality, satisfaction and university Is within Malaysia Public Universities Brand Personality an Antecedent to the Satisfaction of their Existing International Students? Introduction The announcement that 100,000 international students should be attracted to Malaysia by 2010 as Malaysians goal to fulfill part of its plan to become an education hub had been made by the former Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdullah Badawi(The Malaysian Insider, 2009). However, in the quest to achieve the goal, the importance of retaining good reputations with the existing international students must not be forgotten. The reason is they have the marketing power known as words of mouth that could affect the decision of future potential international students whether to study in Malaysia or not. Words of mouth is a term originally coined to describe the activity of orally passing information from one person to one person. However, the term is now broaden by including not only face to face communication but also any type of human communication such as telephone, email and text messaging. (Wikipedia, 2009). According to Grewal, Cline Davies (2003), individuals are more inclined to believ e word of mouths than more formal forms of promotion methods since the receiver of word-of-mouth referrals tends to believe that the communicator is speaking honestly and is unlikely to have an ulterior motive. The effects of the words of mouth is paramount to education line of business since previous researches reveal that it essentially has a bigger impact on the buying decisions of people aged between 18 to 34, and 35 to 54 (Effect on word- of- mouth marketing on your branding strategy, 2009) that capture the ages when people normally spend their life studying in higher learning institute. The words of mouth is a double -edged sword; positive words of mouth works to the advantage of universities, while negative words of mouth works to the disadvantage of universities. Positive words of mouth occurs when international students communicate the good experiences they have had with any particular university in Malaysia to future potential international students. In contrast, negative words of mouth occurs when international students communicate the bad experiences they have had with any particular university in Malaysia to future potential international students. The effect of the two types of words of mouth on any product or service providers has been found to be asymmetrical (Yu, 2007). Negative words of mouth is more influential compared to positive words of mouth. The last two sentences in the last paragraph suggest the importance for universities in Malaysia to encourage the existing international students to engage in the activity of positive words of mouth, while simultaneously discourage them to engage in the activity of negative words of mouth. This could be done by creating and delivering values to the existing international students. Value to the existing international students is a function of satisfying their requirements in relation to the cost of studying in any particular university in Malaysia. Kijek (2007) highlighted that instruments of val ue creation could be defined along two dimensions, that is, price that is connected with cost leadership and non price that is connected with differentiation. Since the number of university within Malaysia has been increasing that increase the intensity of competitions between the universities within Malaysia, it is believed that the public universities should compete not on the price dimension but on the differentiation dimension. Since Twitchell (2005) argued that universities live or die based on brand recognition, this research wishes to focus on differentiation dimension based on branding as instruments of value creation or satisfaction creation to the existing international students. The statement made by Maehle (2008) that implies developing brand personality is a pertinent factor for the success of a brand belonging to any particular university as it helps to differentiate the brand from the brands of the other universities, develop the emotional aspects of a brand and augme nt the personal meaning of the university brand to students provided the basis for this research to narrow down brand personality as the dimension of branding that this research suspects to have relationship with the satisfaction of the existing international students. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between Malaysia public university brand personality and the satisfaction of the university existing international students. This paper consists of four sections. The details of the construct brand personality and construct satisfaction which are used in this research are elaborated in section 2, the methodology employed in this research is described in section 3, the results of the research are exhibited in section 4, while the discussion and conclusion are covered in section 5. 2.0 Literature Reviews The definition of brand personality has been developed by Aaker (1997) as the set of human characteristics associated with a brand. Sincerity, excitement, competence, sophisitication, and ruggedness are the five different dimensions or five orthogonal factors developed by Aaker(1997) to scale brand personality. 42 items loaded on the five orthogonal factors: 11 items loaded on sincerity, nine items on competency, six items on sophistications, 11 items on excitement and five items on ruggedness. There have been several attempts to test (e.g. Davies et.al, 2001) and to develop the scale (e.g. Davies et.al, 2004, Davies et.al 2006). Davies et al., (2001) discovered from their findings that the Aaker Scale is more reliable for employees than for customers, thus, they sermon that an effort to develop brand personality scale that the same brand personality scale could be used to assess brand personality from the view of employees and from the view of customers is worth pursuing. As a result, another brand personality scale was developed by Davies et.al (2004) that overcomes the weakness just mentioned. Nevertheless, the brand personality scale developed by Davies et.al (2004) was not a perfect scale in the sense that it is only valid and reliable for certain organisation only. Consequently, another brand personality scale that is free from the abovementioned flaw, and with facets and items as depicted in Table 2.1 was constructed by Davies et. al (2006). Table 2.1 Brand personality scale as developed by Davies et. al 2006 Factor Facet Items Agreeableness Warmth Friendly, pleasant, open, straightforward  Empathy Concerned, reassuring, supportive, agreeable  Integrity Honest, sincere, trustworthy, socially responsible Enterprise Modernity Cool, trendy, young  Adventure Imaginative, up-to-date, exciting, innovative Boldness Extrovert, daring Table 2.1 Continued Brand personality scale as developed by Davies et. al 2006 Factor Facet Items Competence Conscientiousness Reliable, secure, hardworking  Drive Ambitious, achievement oriented, leading  Technocracy Technical, corporate Chic Elegance Charming, stylish, elegant  Prestige Prestigious, exclusive, refined  Snobbery Snobby, elitist Ruthless Egotism Arrogant, aggressive, selfish  Dominance Inward-looking, authoritarian, controlling Satisfaction has been defined in various ways. The most definitive source sees it as similar to the way service quality is defined; the difference between what we expect and what we receive (Oliver, 1997). This research, however, is not concerned with satisfaction of the existing international students due to a single incident or aspect but the way such students emotionally feel about the university in general. The importance of such concern is undeniable since positive emotions had been said by Liljander Strandvik (1997) to lead one to share the positive experience with others, while negative emotions may result in complaining behavior. Consequently, the definition of satisfaction as being the overall emotional image of the university as perceived by the international students is adopted in this research. Liljander and Strandvik (1997) had actually developed a comprehensive emotional scale that includes seven emotional at tributes: (1) happy, (2) hopeful, (3) positively surprised, (4) angry, (5) depressed, (6) guilty, and (7) humiliated. Of which, happy, hopeful, and positively surprised are positive emotions, while angry, depressed, guilty, and humiliated are negative emotions. White and Yu (2005) in their study had included two additional items representing two additional negative emotions which are regret, and disappointment. Reputation (emotional image) and customer satisfaction have been seen as interlinked (Anderson Sullivan, 1993; Anderson and Fornell, 1994 p. 253; Andreassen Lindestad 1998, p. 82). Indeed, it has been formally postulated that image (emotional feeling of customers toward an organisation) drives customer satisfaction ( Davies et.al, 2003 p.179 ) which provides the this research with its theoretical framework that university brand personality is the antecedent to satisfaction of its existing international students. 3.0 Methodology The data was collected via questionnaires that due to cost constraint were distributed to the Malaysia Institute of Technology University and the National University of Malaysia. The former university was selected to represent non research based public university in Malaysia while the latter university was chosen to represent research based public university in Malaysia. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: Part 1-University brand personality, part 2-Customer satisfaction, while part 3 respondent profile. Six points Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (6) was employed as the measurement scale on the 49 personality items that were used to measure university brand personality, and on the nine items that were utilised to measure satisfaction of the existing international students. Convenient sampling approach that had been deployed in this study provided a sample of size 228 in which 43.86 percent of them were gathered from the Malaysia Instit ute of Technology University whereas 56.14 percent of them were gathered from the National University of Malaysia. Explanatory Factor Analysis will be done on the 49 items purported to measure the brand personality construct. The extracted factors from the Explanatory Factor Analysis done on the items will be further used as the exogenous variables in a multiple regression model that utilised satisfaction as the endogenous variable. The factor loading cut-off point of measurement variables was 0.4. The reliability of data was measured using Cronbachs alpha. 4.0 Results 4.1 Descriptive analysis 70 percent of the respondents were male while the remaining 30 percent of them were female. 42.7 percent of the respondents aged around 21 to 25 years, 33.6 percent aged around 26 to 30 years, 20 percent aged around 31 to 35 years, 1.8 percent aged around 36 to 40 years, and another 1.8 percent aged above 40 years. 24.5 percent of the respondents had enrolled in post grade programme while 75.5 percent had enrolled in undergraduate programme. 43.6 percent of the respondents are from art streams whilst 56.3 percent of the respondents are from science stream. Table 4.1 shows that majority of the respondents are Iranian followed by Libyan, Yemenis, Indonesian and Iraqi an. Table 4.1 Nationality of the respondents Nationality Frequency Percentage (%) Iran 104 47.3 Libya 24 10.9 Yemen 24 10.9 Indonesia 14 6.4 Iraq 12 5.5 Mauritius 6 2.7 Sudan 6 2.7 Pakistan 4 1.8 Brunei 4 1.8 Table 4.1 Continued Nationality of the respondents Nationality Frequency Percentage (%) Afghanistan 4 1.8 Saudi Arabia 4 1.8 Germany 4 1.8 Bangladesh 2 .9 Jordan 2 .9 Kenya 2 .9 Nigeria 2 .9 Somalia 2 .9 Total 220 100.0 4.2 Explanatory factor analysis As depicted in table 4.2, the explanatory factor analysis extracted five dimensions or factors of brand personality where 58.86 percent of the variance in the set of variables used to measure brand personality is explained by the five dimensions or factors. The KMO value is 0.5 just meeting the recommended minimum value of 0.5 (Malhotra, 2004, p. 561) and the Bartletts Test of Sphericity (Bartlett, 1954) reached statistical significant supporting the factorability of the correlation matrix. Table 4.2 Brand Personality No. Factor 1 Agreeableness Factor Loading 3 Open 0.776 5 Concerned 0.725 1 Friendly 0.709 4 Straightforward 0.695 2 Pleasant 0.683 19 Innovative 0.647 Table 4.2 Continued Brand Personality No. Factor 1 Agreeableness Factor Loading 18 Exciting 0.622 8 Agreeable 0.596 11 Trustworthy 0.580 9 Honest 0.566 31 Stylish 0.557 7 Supportive 0.544 12 Socially responsible 0.542 6 Reassuring 0.494 10 Sincerity 0.478 17 Up-to-date 0.464 Conbachs Alpha 0.938 No. Factor 2 Competence Factor Loading 24 Hardworking 0.780 23 Secure 0.734 26 Achievement oriented 0.716 28 Technical 0.704 27 Leading 0.704 25 Ambitious 0.686 29 Corporate 0.677 22 Reliable 0.645 30 Charming 0.579 32 Elegant 0.484 21 Daring 0.427 Cronbachs Alpha 0.886 Table 4.2 Continued Brand Personality No. Factor 3 Chic Factor Loading 20 Extrovert 0.405 33 Prestigious 0.401 Cronbachs Alpha 0.521 No. Factor 4 Enterprise Factor Loading 14 Trendy 0.747 15 Young 0.724 13 Cool 0.712 16 Imaginative 0.595 Cronbachs Alpha 0.804 No. Factor 5 Ruthlessness Factor Loading 42 Authoritarian 0.643 43 Controlling 0.612 Cronbachs Alpha 0.721 As could be observed from table 4.2, the Cronbachs Alpha for all the five factors are well above 0.3 that is the minimum acceptable level of reliability ( Nunally, 1958). 4.3 Multiple regression analysis Multiple regression was ran to examine whether there were any significant linear relationship between endogenous variable satisfaction of the existing international students and a set of exogenous variable which consisted of the five dimensions or factors identified from the prior explanatory factor analysis. The results are demonstrated in the following table 4.3. For the enter method multiple regression, based on the level of significant of F statistic which is smaller than 0.05, it could be concluded that the overall multiple regression model was significance which meant there was at least a significant linear relationship between the satisfaction of the existing international students and the five exogenous variables. Table 4.3 Multiple Regression (Enter Method) Exogenous variables Constant Agreeableness Competence Chic Enterprise Ruthlessness Endogenous variable Satisfaction 25.940** 0.154* -0.074 -1.012** -0.159 1.391** *Significance at 0.05 using t-test **Significance at 0.01 using t-test Model F test: 11.596 (ÃÆ' Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  = 0.000) Adjusted R squared = 0.232 Referring to the adjusted R squared, 23.4 percent of the variation in the satisfaction of the existing international students was explained by the variation in the enter method of multiple regression model. It was also found that only three out of the five exogenous variables had coefficients that were each statistically different from zero. The positive coefficient of agreeableness and the positive coefficient of ruthlessness suggested that higher degree of agreeableness and higher degree of ruthlessness each led to higher satisfaction of the existing international students. On the other hand, the negative coefficient of chic implied that higher degree of chic led to lower satisfaction of the existing international students. It is interesting to note that, since competence and enterprise was each individually statistically insignificant at the 5 percent level, it seemed that each of them has no statistically discernible effect on satisfaction in the existing international students. 5.0 Discussions, implications and conclusions Although five factors in brand personality which is similar to the number of factors that had been found by Davies et. al (2006) were extracted in this research, there appeared to be a slight different between this research and Davies et.al in term of items that belong to each of the five factors in brand personality. Nevertheless, by observing the majority of items that belong to each of the five factors in brand personality, the fact mentioned in the last sentence did not deter this research from naming the five factors similar to the name that were given to the five factors in brand personality that had been extracted by Davies et. al (2006). The results also suggest that agreeableness and ruthlessness are positively related to the satisfaction of the existing international students, while chic is negatively related to their satisfaction. The discovered positive relationship between agreeableness and satisfaction of the existing international students implies that the student s want to believe that the university is on their side, they will be not ripped off, and what it said in the brochure or website of the university will be fully delivered to them. Public universities within Malaysia must also follow-up with the students to determine their satisfaction level, and must respond promptly whenever negative feedback is sought. The universities handling skills need also be excellent. The universities must take initiative, approaching students not in a way that implies that the universities have been through, and suffered from a highly packaged training programme but because the universities like dealing with international students. In short, the universities have to project themselves as international students minded university. The results that ruthlessness is positively related to the satisfaction of the existing international students suggests that the students favour university that know where it stands because the management of the university is cl ear, positive, and certain in what they want. The result also propels the idea that the students favour university that has good implementation of its system. In other words, a university with such personality is seen as more systematic than its competitors, which is furthered seen as the strength of the university. The negative relationship between chic and the satisfaction of the existing international students that had been found in this research mean that the students dislike university that manage its external image as being up-market. This could be due to the belief of the students that developing such image will incur cost, and the cost will eventually be absorbed into the fees that they would have to pay. It also seems that the students would only appreciate high quality items in items that are pertinent to their grade such as knowledgeable and experienced lecturers, uninterrupted high speed internet service, excellent library services and indusive lecture hall, but not g lazy mosaic floor. This research would means if the within Malaysia public universities would like to attract international students, the universities must ingrain agreeableness and ruthless in their personality but to avoid the presence of chic in their personality.

Democracy Is The Best Form Of Government - 1428 Words

Chirong Jiang Justin Rohrer Comparative Politics July 6, 2015 Democratic Utopia It has been said by Sir Winston Churchill that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried. In other words, democracy is the best form of government for now. But he also implied, that democracy itself is not flawless, it is only better than all the other political forms. In fact, there are a lot of problems that democracy is not able to fix. For example, the balance and the efficiency of government of the state is the most debatable one. Democracy means that a government is â€Å"made of the people, by the people and for the people†. People’s choices and opinions need to be represented, or else the existence of democratic institutions will be meaningless. But one cannot burn the candle at both ends. One could only achieve full representations at the expense of efficiency. Thus, at what extend to make a choice between representation and efficiency becomes an obstacle for every democratic government. I personally believe, that the best political form we can have so far is the democratic institutions of the United States: Presidential regime type, SMDP electoral system, pluralist for interest group representation and federal constitutions To start with, a Presidential regime type contains three branches: a legislative branch, an executive branch and a judicial branch. Each of these three branches holds different accountability and has separate power from oneShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is the Best Form of Government.2424 Words   |  10 PagesDemocracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. The term originates from the Greek ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ºÃ ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (dÄ“mokratà ­a) rule of the people,[1] whichRead MoreWhy Democracy is the Best Form of Government Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pageshave been in tact so civilizations remained structured and cohesive. As humanity advanced, governments obligingly followed. Although there have been hiccups from the ancient times to modern day, one type of government, democracy, has proven to be the most effective and adaptive. As quoted by Winston Churchill, democracy is the best form of government that has existed. This is true because the heart of democracy is reliant, dependent, and thrives on the populaces desires; which gives them the abilityRead MoreAthens : The Best Form Of Politics891 Words   |  4 PagesPeloponnesian War, Athenians strongly believed their government was the superior of all and should have been emulated by any state that wanted to be considered a successful society. However, Athenian democracy was not able to withstand the test of time and eventually crumbled as a city. During the height of its success, Athens exemplifies a political paradigm for other societies to imitate. Both Plato and Thucydides argue democracy is the best attainable form of politics for a society. In Thucydides’ FuneralRead MoreIs Democracy The Besy For Of Government?1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"IS DEMOCRACY THE BESY FOR OF GOVERNMENT?† What is democratic government? 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Prince Machiavelli believed the best way to rule was to be feared and thought that the only way people would listen to him was if he was mean and scaryRead MoreEssay on Direct Democracy vs Representative Democracy954 Words   |  4 PagesDirect Democracy vs Representative Democracy The term Democracy is derived from two Greek words, demos, meaning people, and kratos, meaning rule. These two words form the word democracy which means rule by the people. Aristotle, and other ancient Greek political philosophers, used the phrase, `the governors are to be the governed, or as we have come to know it, `rule and be ruled in turn. The two major types of democracy are Representative Democracy and Direct Democracy. ClearlyRead MoreThe Difference between Democratic Government and Oligarchy Government833 Words   |  4 PagesDemocratic Government VS Oligarchy Government â€Å"The government is merely a servant -- merely a temporary servant; it cannot be its prerogative to determine what is right and what is wrong, and decide who is a patriot and who isnt. Its function is to obey orders, not originate them.† Mark Twain Democracy and Oligarcy as forms of government have been in existence for a long period of time, both terms first appeared in ancient Greek political and philosophical thought. Both forms of governmentRead MoreAdvantages Of Representative Democracy1270 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment and order is what separates us from savages which is if we are going to pick a form of government we should choose one that benefits many and is representative of the population. Direct democracy is where the people directly vote on policy initiatives meanwhile representative government is where we elect people to represent us in government and they vote based on our interest. I believe that representative government is the best form of government because people choose the people in powerRead More Direct Democracy Vs Representative Democracy Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesDirect Democracy vs Representative Democracy The term Democracy is derived from two Greek words, demos, meaning people, and kratos, meaning rule. These two words form the word democracy which means rule by the people. Aristotle, and other ancient Greek political philosophers, used the phrase, `the governors are to be the governed, or as we have come to know it, `rule and be ruled in turn. The two major types of democracy are Representative Democracy and Direct Democracy. Clearly theRead MorePericles Argument For A Pro Democratic Government932 Words   |  4 PagesPart One: Pericles argument for a pro democratic government Pericles argument is that Democracy is the proper form of government. By Democracy Pericles identifies a variety of viewpoints. It is asserted by Pericles that citizens should defend their city, by doing so, they are worthy of such an honor (Pericles, 1). Moreover, by the establishment of a democracy as a form of government provides the citizens to rule directly instead of ruling through a representative. Therefore, the decisions are thought

Cell Phone Use While Driving - 1503 Words

â€Å"Imagine traveling on the roadway behind a vehicle swerving back and forth over the lines or driving at very inconsistent speeds. You wonder what could possibly be causing the driver to drive so erratically. Is the driver drunk? Is the driver preoccupied with eating his or her lunch? Is the driver busy attending children in the backseat? Once you pull along the side you realize that was not the case, instead you notice the driver has a cellular telephone up to her or his ear chatting away, or even worse you pass and see the driver holding a phone texting, you pass by and you feel so discussed.†(Noder, Shannon L., 2010) Cell phones are among the most popular electronic devices used in the US, especially while conducting a motor vehicle. Cell phone use while driving has become very popular among the past years; we hear about it more frequently, do you know what can happen to you when you use an electronic device while driving? Cellphone use while driving may include, textin g phone calls, gps and networking, those are all actions done while driving, this should be stopped, cell phone use while driving should be banned in the US. An effort to increase overall roadway safety continues to rise as the number of motor vehicle inquires and fatalities of car crashes continue. As the roadway danger of cell phone use while driving continue to rise there are less and effective policies to deter their use while behind the wheel. Cellphone use while driving also producesShow MoreRelatedUse Of Cell Phones While Driving860 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans rely heavily on cell phones to perform daily activities. Cell phone are used for phone calls, email, sending text messages, surfing the internet, and performing other tasks. It is unfortunate that many of these daily activities occur while a person is driving. As a result, an increase of accidents and fatalities have occurred because of the use of cellular phones while driving. Using a cell phone while driving is an epidemic that has taken our nation by storm. Most drivers believe theyRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving990 Words   |  4 Pages Cell phones are integral to people’s lives in Canada because they are vital communication and entertainment tools. However, the use of cell phones has remained contentious, because texting and talking on the phone are associated with distracted driving. Distracted driving is, â€Å"defined as the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity† (Klauer, Guo, Simons-Morton, Ouimet, Lee Dingus, 2013, p. 55). Although distracted driving is also associatedRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving1114 Words   |  5 PagesToday, we use our cell phones for just about anything and everything to include; texting, talking to our loved ones, and connecting with the rest of the world via social media. Cell phones have become a natural way of life to where we pick up our phones and use them like second nature. However, the dangers present themselves when we get behind the wheel of a car and carry these habits of cell phone addictions with us. If all states ban the use of cell phones while driving, then there would be a reducedRead MoreThe Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1817 Words   |  8 Pagesknowledge that the use of cell phones while driving decreases driver awareness and overall road safety, and in response to this knowledge, some states have passed laws that have prohibited the use of handheld devices. However, there are no laws banning hands free cell phone usage, despite research claiming hands free devices are just as dangerous handheld devices. But, does their usage distract drivers enough to the point where states should legally ban the total use cell phones while driving? The followingRead MoreUse of Cell Phones While Driving824 Words   |  4 PagesIf you are driving at 55mph for 5 seconds in that amount of time you could cros s a football field. People don’t understand how dangerous distracted driving really is. All states should have some sort of legal parameters of what happens when you get caught using your cell phone while driving. People should get a stronger/ harsher punishment for the use of a cellular device while driving. People are way more impaired when you are distracted and driving than you are drinking and driving. The problemRead MoreThe Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1843 Words   |  8 Pagesknown that the use of cell phones while driving decreases driver awareness and overall road safety, and in response to this knowledge, some states have passed laws that have prohibited the use of handheld devices. However, there are no laws banning hands free cell phone usage, despite research claiming hands free devices are just as dangerous handheld devices, but does their usage distract drivers enough to the point where states should legally ban the total use cell phones while driving? The followingRead MoreThe Use Of Cell Phones While Driving1509 Words   |  7 PagesSeveral states have enacted laws banning the use of cell phones while driving; an indication of the type of society America has become. These laws were put in place not only to keep drivers from taking phone calls, but also to deter them from posting their latest tweet or commenting on their friend’s latest picture. Social medi a is so ingrained in society today that many are unable to entertain a world that is devoid of such technology. With usage at an all-time high, the psychological effects ofRead MoreCell Phone Use While Driving Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe study was attempting to determine the thoughts and behaviors that African American freshman college students in regards to cellphone use while driving. They wanted to know how the students thought cellphones (independent variable) impact driving skills (dependent variable). Research suggests that cellphone use correlates to higher likelihood of accidents. The study used 331 (195 females and 136 males) freshman students who held a driver’s license. The students were then given a questionnaireRead More Cell Phones And Driving: Dangers Involved with Cell Phone Use While Driving1036 Words   |  5 Pagesoften. Talking on the cell phone and driving has become a very popular thing these days. Technology is coming out with the newest phone s that can do everything for you and people are attracted to that. There are people that don’t have hands free and drive their car with only one hand, people that text and totally take their eye off the road and type conversations to each other. Bluetooth is another technological breakthrough where you wear an ear piece and can receive phone calls by one touch ofRead MoreStop the Use of Cell Phones While Driving854 Words   |  4 Pages13 2013 Many people driving don’t know that they can be so many wrongs they can be doing without realizing it. Plenty talk on the phone while driving, drink, text and drive. A lot of people even innocent people as well have had accidents involving one of those. Out of the three there has been one that has become more common, and it’s only increasing if people don’t put a stop to it themselves. A usage of a cell phone should not be displayed at any point while driving. It can wait many have had

Electronics Essay Research Paper The invention of free essay sample

Electronicss Essay, Research Paper The innovation of the microprocessor in 1971 was a immense milepost that finally changed everyone? s mundane lives. This innovation enabled the universe to have a personal computing machine in their place every bit good as their office. Peoples were able to work more expeditiously and increasingly with these new electronic devices. Electronicss today provides the universe with an infinite sum of information at a much faster velocity than that information would of all time hold been available before. The American populace is dependent on the use of many electronics in their lives such as the telecasting, sound receiving systems, and amplifiers to remain updated on global issues. Electronicss besides provide a superior tool for patterned advance in the concern universe today. Business people rely on electronics to pass on with each other faster and to hive away and rapidly form huge sums of indispensable informations. Electronicss are bettering at a blindingly fast rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronics Essay Research Paper The invention of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The newest engineering from five old ages ago is literally disused today. Electronicss are besides being used for new intents continuously. The Internet, or World Wide Web, is a comparatively new construct of being? on-line? . This new undertaking has opened a illimitable figure of doors for our society. Now anyone can utilize the Internet to pass on with anybody else in the universe a batch faster and cheaper. Cellular phones have besides appeared late in the electronic universe. These devices allow a individual to be reached from practically anyplace. With cellular phones a individual can, from so on, be in communicating tungsten ith the universe no affair where they go. For the following coevals, electronics will surely offer new yet simpler engineering available to the general populace. Home references and phone Numberss will be replaced with Internet references. Business people will be able to hold entree to tools such as picture conferencing and such in their places. The workplace will finally go disused. Transportation vehicles will be dominated by electric autos as natural gas supplies decline around the Earth. New processs for making power will be found and utilized. The current and approaching progresss in engineering will make a steady rise of the patterned advance of the mundane life experience. I plan to inscribe in a really esteemed university after high school and major in electrical technology. I plan to lend my clip during my surveies toward new possible designs of electronics and engineering. I realize that advanced heads are the anchor of the way engineering will take and, cognizing this, I will run into up to the challenges and technological walls now confronting us and try to mount over these obstructions. The increasing function of engineering in our lives is more incredible than anything imagined antecedently. I will utilize my accomplishments as an electrical applied scientist to aid make new, undreamed possibilities come true for the benefit of the following coevals. The bound in engineering with electronics today is non based on what rush our computing machines run at or how little our phones can be ; it is based on how innovative the heads of the persons behind the engineering are.

How do the characters of Lady Macbeth and Napoleon change in Macbeth and Animal Farm free essay sample

The two texts ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell and ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare both witness change in their characters and ideas. Both Lady Macbeth and Napoleon, two key characters in both of the texts, begin as egotistical, greedy and avaricious. Driven by their cupidity and lust for leadership and power, both characters seek change, but change in very different ways. In this essay, I will be analysing why both the characters seek to change themselves and how they change. I will also examine the psychological effects of a fake public person, the change in the characters’ language and the unnatural elements of their change and their historical and social connotations. Firstly, why do the characters of Lady Macbeth and Napoleon desire change? Both of the characters begin in relatively similar positions of power in their respective hierarchies, Lady Macbeth as the wife of a thane and Napoleon as a pig (therefore ‘naturally’ reasonably high in the social status of the farm). We will write a custom essay sample on How do the characters of Lady Macbeth and Napoleon change in Macbeth and Animal Farm? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One common factor of Napoleon’s and Lady Macbeth’s personalities is their overwhelming ambition, but their other causes for change differ. Lady Macbeth desires the crown above all else, and wishes to escape the constraints of the sexual prejudices of the Jacobean era and to command a country, not just her husband Macbeth. Evidence of her avarice for power is made evident very soon after her introduction, when she calls upon the Devil: ‘†Unsex me here†¦ Come to my woman’s breasts and take my milk for gall†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Lady Macbeth is asking to be ‘unsexed’, stripped of all her female qualities, and the fact she relies upon the Devil to incite masculinity upon her signifies her consuming passion for power. ‘Milk’ is also a giver of life, what a child is fed with and nurtured with when they are young, and Lady Macbeth is asking for hers to be replaced with ‘gall’, a poison, so that the loving qualities of her self, such as the ability to raise a child, are thwarted and poisoned with evil. Lady Macbeth desires this change so that she can become the leader she believes her husband, who is ‘†too full o’th’milk of human kindness†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, can never be. Napoleon, on the other hand, does not face the problem of discrimination amongst the other animals; he changes solely to rule in an attempt to quench his insatiable greed, and for the sake of monopoly over the farm and the other animals. Orwell does not supply us with the kind of evidence as Shakespeare does of Napoleon’s drive and desire for change, as ‘Animal Farm’ is told from a narrator’s perspective with no soliloquies about the characters’ nature as in Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, but Napoleon’s theft of the fresh cow milk and his adoption of the dogs for their ‘education’ are good early indicators of Napoleon’s will for change and power. Lady Macbeth and Napoleon both pursue change through differing, and at times unnatural, means. Lady Macbeth begins her change, and her gradual descent into madness, after she partakes in the murder of King Duncan and becomes a regicide and looks towards the paranormal for the characteristics she must exemplify. Lady Macbeth is maliciously decisive in her plans to murder the King. She describes the entrance of Duncan under her battlements as ‘fatal’, and the highest treason is committed under her battlements by her wish that night. Murder changes people’s perceptions of the world, and Lady Macbeth is no different, almost immediately after the killing of Duncan, Lady Macbeth shows her first signs of weakness. She is paranoid about whether or not Macbeth actually carried out the deed, and she herself did not carry out the regicide, hinting at a human conscience and guilt hindering her: ‘†Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Lady Macbeth also wishes to change herself into a ‘perfect leader’ by making herself supposedly incapable of feeling regret, sympathy or empathy, by looking to Hell. ‘†Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts†¦ Fill me from the crown to the toe topfull of direst cruelty†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The fact Lady Macbeth refers to her head as a ‘crown’ signifies how she is undergoing this change for the purpose of attaining power. Shakespeare’s use of imperatives for Lady Macbeth’s speech, such as demanding the paranormal to ‘come’, highlights the commanding overtones of her language and personality early on in the play. She is also asking to be ‘filled’ with the ‘direst cruelty’, immersed completely in malevolence so that she can change herself into strong leader. Napoleon is a very capricious character, changing his opinions and ideas on a whim for his own benefit. He is disinterested in the welfare of Animal Farm and its inhabitants, Napoleon only changes history, uses Squealer to enhance his own public persona with fictitious tales of heroism, and perverts the ideology of Animalism to assist the pigs and himself in their course of atrocities for total dictatorship. An example of this is when Napoleon uses Snowball as a scapegoat to avoid admitting to his own failures. When their windmill falls prey to violent weather as a result of Napoleon’s poor planning of how strong the windmill should be, Napoleon incriminates Snowball, escaping the blame himself. ‘â€Å"Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill? SNOWBALL! † he suddenly roared in a voice of thunder’. Napoleon terrifies the other animals, with his menace and his physicality as a ‘large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar’, and roaring ‘in a voice of thunder’ strikes fear into the animals, fear that forces them into the belief that Snowball is a traitor and an enemy. Lord Acton once stated that ‘Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely’. Napoleon is corrupted by an unfaltering greed from the beginning, and his fundamental nature and megalomania do not change throughout the novella. Napoleon only changes to become a more detestable and powerful character, and evolve the same dictatorial character as Jones, arguably worse. Napoleon’s ‘absolute corruption’ occurs when he adopts human-like qualities, and changes to become a man. The language of both Lady Macbeth and Napoleon changes throughout ‘Macbeth’ and ‘Animal Farm’, but the importance of language to them changes in opposite directions. Shakespeare began with Lady Macbeth speaking in a poetic but aggressive and demanding fashion, using lots of imagery and similes to convey her points. It is through language and the power of persuasion that Lady Macbeth usurps power, coaxing Macbeth into the murder of Duncan. When formulating a plan to encourage Macbeth to seize the ‘golden round’, Lady Macbeth states that she will ‘â€Å"chastise (Macbeth) with the valour of (her) tongue†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. To ‘chastise’ means to berate, as Lady Macbeth often does with Macbeth, questioning his masculinity (‘â€Å"Are you a man? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). The use of the adjective ‘valour’ to describe her tongue suggests that her language is courageous, courageous in the battle to convince Macbeth to subside to his ambition and commit regicide. It is a battle Lady Macbeth wins. Initially, Lady Macbeth commands eloquence and enticing speech. Near the start of the play, she is criticising Macbeth’s manhood once more over the impedance of his conscience in keeping to an agreement to kill Duncan, Lady Macbeth uses graphic imagery to try and instil envy in Macbeth of her lack remorse: ‘â€Å"How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me, I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluck’s my nipple from his boneless gums and dash’d the brains out, had I so sworn†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The contrasting nature of this quote, starting with an image of new life and love in a baby feeding from a mother and finishing with a violent scene of wicked murder, strikes not only surprise but fear in the reader and most likely Macbeth. Phrases such as ‘boneless gums’ denature into something gruesome and powerful, and is a use of imagery, contorting the appearance of boneless gums in the reader’s mind into something disturbing. Lady Macbeth’s ability to frighten and disturb a listener with her speech signifies how powerful her language is at the start of the play, but her language dwindles and changes in its power as her guilt pulls her into insanity. In the last brief scene Lady Macbeth is exposed to the audience, she has lost all of the attractive and powerful qualities of her speech. For example, unaware of the presence of a doctor and a nurse in her room, Lady Macbeth exclaims: ‘â€Å"To bed, to bed: there’s knocking at the gate. Come, come, come, come†¦ to bed, to bed, to bed†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. Her language is littered with punctuation, such as commas, colons and repetition, and it makes her lines jagged, mostly monosyllabic and almost incoherent. Structurally, Lady Macbeth also speaks only in sentences by the end of the play (as do the doctor and the nurse), and this is contrary to the poetic stanzas she boasted at the start of the play. This indicates her change from somebody articulate, intelligent and eloquent into a person who is guilt-ridden and consumed by her conscience. Lady Macbeth loses all her power in language as she changes and falls from grace. In comparison to Lady Macbeth, Napoleon’s power through the use of language changes only for the better of his tyrannical regime. A lot of the security of Napoleon’s position at the helm of Animal Farm is due to the propagating of his fellow pig Squealer. Although it is Squealer’s language, the power-driven opportunities it provides for Napoleon change and widen as his command over the animals through Squealer’s speech expands. It is made apparent from as early as Chapter 2 that Squealer will be a useful tool for consolidating power, described as a ‘brilliant talker’ and that he can turn ‘black into white’ with his words, as he often does by excusing the pigs’ ‘black’ desires with allegedly rational justification for them. The powers of persuasion are as useful to Squealer and Napoleon as it is to Lady Macbeth at the start of both texts, however persuasion is essential to Napoleon’s rule even at the end of the novella. Squealer’s speeches often entail lots of persuasive devices, as exemplified by his response to disapproval of the other animals of the pigs taking all of the milk and apples. ‘â€Å"You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Squealer uses rhetorical questions many times in his speeches, and his choice of words, such as ‘I hope’, attempts to instil guilt in the animals for even suggesting that the pigs were acting out of ‘selfishness and privilege’. Squealer uses evidence and ‘figures’ to support points, and the imposing threat of the return of Mr Jones to exploit the animal’s docility and lack of intelligence even at the end of the novella, as Orwell indicates by stating the ‘animals believed every word’. Napoleon and Squealer retain their abilities of persuasion and power over the farm after their change into human beings, but Lady Macbeth’s persuasive language deserts her. Napoleon himself tricked the inhabitants of Animal Farm into thinking that Animal Farm was still what the animals had rebelled for and dreamed of through language, by addressing the other animals as ‘Comrades’, suggesting equality and companionship (‘No creature called any other animal ‘Master’. All animals were equal. ’), when in fact Animal Farm emulates the exact opposite of equality. Napoleon changes his approach to using the word ‘Comrade’, stating in the final chapter that addressing others as comrades ‘was to be suppressed’. The abolition of the term symbolises the change on Animal Farm. By the end of the novella, Napoleon is too powerful for the animals; they do not threaten his position on the throne, and language is no longer needed to brainwash ‘The Manor Farm’ any more. In truth, though, language is not needed at all by Napoleon. Napoleon rules Animal Farm through terror and petrifies every animal under his reign. He is introduced, as mentioned previously, as a ‘large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar’, and Napoleon’s brooding presence and psychopathic traits add weight to his frightening nature. The only aspect of the animals’ obvious terror in the face of Napoleon that changes is that it becomes more apparent. Napoleon commands ‘huge dogs’ and attends public executions, where ‘traitors’ are forced into admitting false crimes to have the dogs ‘promptly (tear) their throats out’. Napoleon’s use of fear tactics does not change, nor does his lack of speech, and he forces the farm into submission towards the change of Animalism he spearheads on Animal Farm as it reverts back to ‘The Manor Farm’. While Lady Macbeth is punished for her sins, Napoleon goes on unscathed in his attainment of absolute power. Napoleon commits atrocities, murders other innocent animals and morphs into a human being, perverting every rule of Animalism. Napoleon even commits arguably the greatest sin and becomes an almost God-like figure on Animal Farm, as shown by the poem ‘Comrade Napoleon’ (Napoleon’s Omniscience and Omni-benevolence suggested by the quote ‘Thou watchest over all’. His Omnipotence is also proposed at when Napoleon is referred to as the ‘sun’, the giver of all life, like God). The lack of divine retribution or change in Napoleon’s sanity or mentality hints at the fact there is no God in Animal Farm, there is no justice for the wicked. This could be referred to when Orwell wrote his novella. Napoleon is the manifestation of Russian dictator Joseph Stalin as a pig in ‘Animal Farm’, and Stalin managed to build a global superpower with Soviet Russia at the time when Orwell was writing through the murder of millions of his own people. Stalin never truly suffered an end that compensated for the heinous crimes he committed, and neither does Napoleon.